Trauma

These are events that threaten our physical and psychological integrity. Trauma accounts for nearly half of the causes of death in children. Blunt trauma occurs most frequently in children. The frequency of penetrating traumas (piercing-cutting injuries) increases towards adolescence. A single system in the body may be affected, or in cases of multiple trauma, more than one system may be affected.
Birth trauma
In-vehicle and out-of-vehicle traffic accidents
Fall
Child abuse
Sharpening-sharpening injury
Heat injuries, chemical injuries
Iatrogenic traumas
In trauma patients First of all, life-threatening situations should be clarified.

The primary approach is the parameters evaluated in the first 3-4 minutes when the patient's vital functions are evaluated. These include ensuring airway patency, ensuring breathing and blood circulation, evaluating the patient's level of consciousness, keeping the neck still, evaluating the integrity of the chest wall, maintaining the patient's body temperature, controlling urine output, and evacuating the stomach contents with a catheter. These are called ABC.. rules. The patient's vascular access is ensured. The patient should be kept immobile, if there is an open wound, it should be cleanly dressed, and extremity injuries should be fixed with appropriate splints. Tetanus prophylaxis should be performed.
The next stage in the evaluation of the traumatized patient is the secondary evaluation period, which is the detailed physical examination, evaluation of the traumatized area and requesting the necessary tests.

Complete blood count, blood group, blood biochemistry, complete urine test, and direct radiographs are the primarily requested tests. Further examination may be necessary depending on the patient's condition and the affected systems. These include bedside ultrasonography (FAST), conventional ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced tomography, magnetic resonance imaging.
At Istanbul Medeniyet University Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, all relevant branches evaluate and treat patients in a coordinated and rapid manner from the moment the patient is admitted to the emergency department.
Especially after the developments in the field of radiology, great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of trauma patients. While surgical treatment was applied to most patients in the past, over time this treatment was replaced by observation, that is, conservative treatment.

Patients who are hemodynamically stable (having good vital functions such as respiration and circulation) are followed by clinicians and discharged after a few days of hospitalization with recommendations for rest at home. Patients are called for check-ups at regular intervals and their long-term results are evaluated.
Surgical treatment is applied to patients whose respiratory and circulatory functions deteriorate despite all kinds of treatment, unexplained bleeding, free air in the abdomen, and patients with suspected hollow organ perforation (presence of peritoneal irritation findings in the abdomen).

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